Cyberseminar archives: 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001
The purpose of cyberseminars is to provide a forum for scientists from the social and natural sciences to debate and discuss cutting edge population-environment research topics. Past topics include population and deforestation, international migration and the environment, population-consumption-environment linkages, and urban spatial expansion.
How to participate in (or leave) a cyberseminar
Seminar Calendar, 2007
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| 3-14 September 2007 |
PERN-PRIPODE Cyberseminar on Population-Development-Environment Linkages in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of West Africa
|
Summary of Studies |
Coming Soon |
| Research Papers |
|
Burkina Faso: Mobilité spatiale de la population : nécessité de développement et risques de dégradation de l'environnement dans l'est et le sud-ouest du Burkina Faso
Mali: Croissance démographique, développement de la culture du coton, et gestion durable des ressources naturelles en zone Mali-Sud
Niger: Quelles transitions agraires en zones semi-arides à forte croissance démographique : le cas du Niger
Togo: Peuplement, mobilité et développement dans un milieu défavorisé : le cas de la région des savanes au Togo
|
|
Statement |
| Coming Soon |
|
| Summary |
The purpose of this cyberseminar is to examine the linkages among population, development and environmental processes in rural agrarian communities of the Sudano-Sahelian zone in West Africa. Droughts in the early 1970s and 1980s prompted many to proclaim this region as a Malthusian crisis in the making. Twenty years later, have these gloomy prognoses been borne out, or have agricultural systems coped and adapted to growing population numbers? Or is the picture more complex? This seminar will address these questions (and others themes listed below) through a focus on the results of recent research sponsored by the Programme for International Research on the Interactions between Population, Development and Environment (PRIPODE) of the French Foreign Ministry and the Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED).
The studies were conducted over the past three years in the cotton zone of Mali, Southwest and Southeast Burkina Faso, northern Togo, and the Tillaberi and Maradi Districts of Niger (see map and summaries below). These studies provide up-to-date insights to PDE dynamics in this drought-prone and ecologically fragile region where population growth rates remain between 2-3% per annum. Each of the papers focuses on similar dryland farming systems using comparative within-country study sites with differing environmental and population dynamics. Three of the studies (Mali, Burkina Faso and Togo) address recently opened agricultural frontiers owing to Tsetse fly and Onchosoriasis eradication, with resulting migration influxes.
The seminar will be bi-lingual, French and English. Five-page synopses of the research in each country, together with the full papers, will be available as background materials. The research teams will participate fully, and the cyberseminar will also include several invited experts.
|
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| 29 October - 12 November 2007 |
Population Dynamics and Natural Hazards
|
"Hazard Vulnerability in Population-Environment Studies," Daniel Hogan and Eduardo Marandola, University of Campinas, Brazil (coming soon) |
Coming soon |
|
Statement |
| Coming soon |
|
| Summary |
Recent natural disasters – including the S.E. Asian Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, the earthquake in N.E. Pakistan, and routine flooding and loss of life in Bangladesh – have highlighted the vulnerability of human populations to natural hazards. Natural hazards come in two basic varieties – weather related hazards (cyclones, flooding, drought, and the ‘moisture’ part of landslides) and geophysical hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes, and the ‘land’ part of landslides). Evidence suggests that climate change is affecting the prevalence or intensity of weather-related hazards, with, for example, both the intensity of tropical cyclones (Santer et al. 2006) and frequency of droughts (Houghton et al. 2001) increasing over the past two decades. But the biggest contributions to rising secular trends in hazard-related morbidity and mortality can be traced to increasing population numbers and associated land transformations in areas vulnerable to hazards (CRED 2005). Thus, the frequency and severity of some natural hazards and the risks associated with them are exacerbated by human activities and growing human populations in hazard-prone regions.
With the growing awareness of climate change, a large field of vulnerability and adaptation research has emerged to investigate the underlying societal vulnerabilities that can make hazard impacts worse than they might otherwise be, and to take steps to reduce the impacts (Makri 2005, Brauch 2005). The research community has also examined the flip side of vulnerability, or resilience and coping capacity, which represent the ability to withstand stresses. While this community has studied population characteristics that may be associated with higher vulnerability (e.g. poverty levels, racial and ethnic composition, and livelihoods), they have not generally approached this research with a specifically demographic lens. Thus, there is an opening for the population research community to contribute to this growing body of research on hazards vulnerability.
This cyberseminar is co-organized with the IHDP Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS) project and the Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR) of The Earth Institute at Columbia University. GECHS, which had its early roots in the debates surrounding environment and security, is increasingly orienting its work to hazards risks and vulnerability (O’Brien et al. 2005). The CHRR, in collaboration with CIESIN, has undertaken a global study of high-risk disaster hotspots for the World Bank that describes the global distribution of all six hazard types and their mortality risks. In addition, CIESIN has undertaken demographic analyses of the mortality from the 2004 Tsunami and conducted mapping of population variables for New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina (2005).
Issues to be addressed in this seminar include:
- population growth, density and characteristics in hazard hotspots
- demographic characteristics of highly vulnerable populations/households
- morbidity and mortality resulting from hazards
- long-term demographic impacts of hazards such as the tsunami, e.g., in terms of fertility, dependency ratios, etc.
- land degradation, pollutant emissions and other environmental changes linked in part to population change that may exacerbate vulnerability
- how the vulnerability/resilience community could benefit from explicit treatment of demography, including in vulnerability frameworks
- mapping of hazards and populations for vulnerability assessments
- refugee flows resulting from natural hazards
- how mitigation and prevention could benefit from experiences in the realm of population, health and the environment (PHE) interventions
This cyberseminar will include a background paper written by an expert in hazard vulnerability of approximately 10 pages, and as with past seminars, approximately six expert panel statements.
References
Brauch, H.G. 2005. Environment and Human Security: Towards Freedom form Hazard Impacts. InterSecTions, No. 2, Publication of the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security.
CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). (2005). “Are natural disasters increasing?” CRED CRUNCH, August 2005.
Houghton, J.T., et al. (eds). 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Summary report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report.
O’Brien, K. et al. 2005. “Hurricane Katrina Reveals Challenges to Human Security.” Aviso Issue No. 14, October 2005.
Makri, A. 2005. Connecting Health and Vulnerability to Environmental Stressors. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute.
Santer, B.D., T.M.L. Wigley, P.J. Gleckler, C. Bonfils, M.F. Wehner, K. AchutaRao, T.P. Barnett, J.S. Boyle, W. Brüggemann, M. Fiorino, N. Gillett, J.E. Hansen, P.D. Jones, S.A. Klein, G.A. Meehl, S.C.B. Raper, R.W. Reynolds, K.E. Taylor, and W.M. Washington. (2006) “Forced and unforced ocean temperature changes in Atlantic and Pacific tropical cyclogenesis regions,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science Vol. 103, 19 Sept. 2006, pp. 13905-13910. |
Seminar Calendar, 2006
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| 10- 24 April 2006 |
Rural Household Micro-Demographics, Livelihoods and the Environment
|
Background paper by Alex de Sherbinin (126 kb PDF, 28 pp.)
Foreign language summaries: Resumen en espanol, Resume en francais, Resumo em portugues,
|
View Postings
How to participate in a seminar |
|
Statement |
| Rimjhim Aggarwal, Dept. of Economics, Southern Methodist University |
Exploring the Links Between Environmental Degradation, Poverty, and Fertility Among Rural Households |
Alisson Barbieri, Cedeplar, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil |
Household life cycles, population mobility and land use in the Amazon: Some comments and research directions |
Susan Cassels, Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, USA |
When are Migrants “Good” or “Bad” for the Environment? |
Sabine Henry, Dept. of Geography, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Belgium |
Some Questions on the Migration-Environment Relationship |
Lori Hunter, Dept. of Sociology, University of Colorado, USA, and Wayne Twine, Center for African Ecology, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa |
HIV/AIDS Mortality and Household Use of Natural Resources:
Critical Linkages and Remaining Questions |
Kendra McSweeny, Dept of Geography, Ohio State University, USA |
How are household lifecycle-land/resource use relationships mediated by ethno-cultural difference?
|
| Laura Murphy, Department of International Health and Development ,
Tulane University, USA |
Comment on AIDS-related Morbidity, Mortality and the Environment |
| Leah VanWey, Department of Sociology, Indiana University |
Households and Cycles of Land Use |
Robert Walker, Dept of Geography, Michigan State University, USA |
Linkages between household lifecycles and land-use change |
| Summary |
One of the major areas of population-environment research in the past decade has focused on household-level population dynamics and their relationship, through livelihood strategies, to environmental change. Studies have investigated the relationship between population variables such as household size, age and sex composition, fertility, on-farm population density, migration, and a range of other household-level socio-economic variables, on the one hand, and biophysical variables such as forest cover, coastal mangroves, soil quality, and firewood and water use, on the other. The research has been conducted in the Amazon Basin, Central America, Southeast Asia, Oceania, Africa, and even the United States. The research teams involved in these efforts have spanned the social and environmental sciences and have employed a wide range of methodologies, such as household surveys, participant observation, ground-level analyses of biophysical variables, and integration of remotely sensed imagery.
The cyber-seminar on rural household micro-demographics, livelihoods and the environment provided a forum for scholars from around the globe and from a wide range of disciplines to discuss recent research examining the reciprocal relationships among household-level population dynamics, rural livelihoods and the environment. This area of research is of particular concern to policy makers working in developing countries where large sectors of the population live in rural areas. Thus, the seminar will both directly engage policy makers, and seek to develop conclusions that are relevant to policy audiences.
The seminar’s objectives were to identify common findings from these studies, and to discuss methodological issues. It sought to answer questions such as, Which household-level variables have proven to be most significant in terms of determining different kinds of environmental changes? What are the most important mediating variables? Which methodologies appear to be most promising? What have we learned from longitudinal studies in the Amazon and Thailand? What scales of analysis are most promising?
PERN gratefully acknowledges that funding for this seminar was provided by the International Social Science Council (ISSC/UNESCO) and IUSSP. |
Seminar Calendar, 2005
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| 5-16 September 2005 |
Population Dynamics and Millennium Development
Goal 7: “Ensuring Environmental Sustainability”
|
Paper by Jason
Bremner and Richard Bilsborrow, Carolina Population Center, University
of North Carolina Chapel Hill, USA |
Archive of Discussions (PDF, 207KB)
|
|
Statement |
| Malin Falkenmark |
Environmental
Sustainability Challenges of Hunger Alleviation |
| Roger Bonilla |
Population
Dynamics, Forest Cover, and Biodiversity Conservation |
| Albert Wright |
Population
Dynamics and Target 10 in MDG 7 |
| George Martine |
Target
11 and the MDGs - Good Marksmanship Won't Help Much! |
| Gabriella Carolini |
Population
Dynamics and Target 11 in MDG 7 |
| Summary |
In September 2000, 189 nations committed themselves to making
the right to development a reality for everyone and to freeing
the entire human race from want. This was crystallized in the
United Nations Millennium Declaration and a set of eight goals
and eighteen targets (the Millennium Development Goals or MDGs)
comprising an unprecedented global development agenda. Since the
year 2000 significant efforts have been made to identify strategies
for attaining the MDGs (through the UN Millennium Project) and
to harness bilateral and multilateral development assistance towards
achievement of these goals. Although there are no MDGs explicitly
addressing population dynamics, there are multiple goals that
reinforce elements of the International Conference on Population
and Development (ICPD, Cairo, 1994) Programme of Action, including
those related to universal primary education, gender equality,
reducing child mortality, and improving maternal health. Furthermore
in its reports the Millennium Project made a strong call for addressed
population dynamics and sexual and reproductive health in strategies
for achieving the MDGs. Finally, a November 2004 UN
Population Division Seminar on the Relevance of Population
Aspects for the Achievement of the MDGs focused on the “demographic
dimension,” though the background papers did not specifically
address Goal 7.
Given the importance of the MDGs to the population-development-environment
agenda, and the political significance of the high level plenary
at the UN in mid-September (the “Millennium +5 Summit”),
PERN deemed it important to offer an opportunity for its members
to debate the population-environment dimension of these development
goals and to contribute to the body of evidence on environmentally
sustainable strategies for lifting people out of poverty. The
purpose of this cyberseminar was to examine the reciprocal relationship
between population dynamics (i.e., population size, growth, density,
geographic distribution, age and sex composition, migration, morbidity
and mortality) and Goal 7 of the MDGs, which is to “ensure
environmental sustainability.” This goal includes the following
targets and indicators:
Target 9. Integrate the principles of sustainable development
into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental
resources.
Indicators: (1) Change in land area covered by forest;
(2) Land area protected to maintain biodiversity; (3) GDP per
unit of energy use; (4) CO2 emissions per capita.
Target 10. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without
sustainable access to safe drinking water.
Indicator: Proportion of the population with sustainable
access to an improved water source.
Target 11. Have achieved, by 2020, a significant improvement
in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.
Indicators: (1) Proportion of population with access to
improved sanitation; (2) Proportion of population with access
to secure land tenure.
For each of these targets/indicators discussion centered on the following
questions:
1. How do population dynamics affect strategies to achieve the
targets?
a) Available evidence
b) Gaps in knowledge
c) Emerging policy and research questions
2. How would achieving
the targets affect population dynamics?
This cyberseminar was co-organized by PERN and the UN Millennium Project. |
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| 29 November-15 December 2004 |
Urban Expansion: The Environmental
and Health Dimensions |
Background
paper by Charles Redman and Nancy Jones |
Archive of Discussions (PDF, 343KB)
|
Invited Experts |
Statement |
| A. Alonso Aguirre, Mary C. Pearl
and Jonathan Patz |
Urban
Expansion Impacts on the Health of Ecosystems, Wildlife and Humans |
| Tony Champion |
Are
'urban' and 'rural' outmoded terms? |
| John Hasse |
Shift
in Paradigm Needed for Urban Spatial-Temporal Analysis and Modeling |
| Elena Irwin |
Market
forces and urban expansion |
| Shuaib Lwasa |
Urban
Expansion Processes of Kampala in Uganda: Perspectives on contrasts
with cities of developed countries |
| Roberto L. Monte-Mór |
Extended
Urbanization in the Brazilian Amazonia |
| Kwasi Nsiah-Gyabaah |
Urbanization
Processes - Environmental and Health effects in Africa |
| Charles Redman |
The
Four Horsemen of Sustainability: I = PAT + G |
| Christopher Small |
Caveats
for Remote Sensing of Urban Areas |
| John Weeks |
Variability
in Health within Urban Places |
| Summary |
Currently
urban areas make up a relatively small proportion of all land
cover types - two percent by one estimate. Yet, urban land areas
are expanding, often rapidly, as higher density development
at the core gives way to low-density development at the fringes.
Because rates of urban population growth are higher than overall
population growth in most countries, and urban areas are the
locus of economic activity and transportation nodes, it is likely
that the 21st century will see a dramatic increase in urban
land cover as a proportion of all land cover types. Throughout
the world, urbanized areas are expanding into surrounding areas
which are under agricultural or various "natural"
land covers such as forests, wetlands or grasslands. These changes
may have significant impacts on the ecosystem services, biodiversity
(through habitat loss and landscape fragmentation), hydrological
systems, and local climate which, in turn, may impact human
health. Furthermore, increasing reliance on automobile-based
modes of transportation, which is part and parcel of spatial
expansion processes, results in environmental impacts from infrastructure
(road corridors, service stations) and emissions.
This cyberseminar evaluated the environmental and health dimensions
of urban expansion. The seminar sought to increase understanding
of how spatial expansion processes in developing and developed
countries are similar and how they differ, with an emphasis on
the different underlying contexts (e.g. differences in policy,
demographic behavior, socioeconomic and conditions, transportation
systems, and markets) as well as the environmental and health
outcomes. From this the seminar sought to develop a research agenda to enhance conceptual understanding of the
processes, contexts, and outcomes of urban spatial expansion,
and that would ultimately contribute to policy solutions. The seminar
was co-organized by the IHDP Urbanization Science Project
and the IUSSP Scientific Panel on Urbanization and contributed
to their respective research plans. The seminar included a
background paper by Dr. Charles Redman of the Center for
Rapidly Urbanizing Regions at Arizona State University and a distinguished
panel of experts drawn from many disciplines. |
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| 17-31 May 2004 |
Population, Consumption and Environment Dynamics:
Theory and Method |
Completing
the Picture: The Challenges of Bringing "Consumption"
into the Population-Environment Equation |
Archive of Discussions (PDF, 235KB)
|
| Summary |
| The purpose of this seminar was to
explore a research agenda for studying the linkages between population,
consumption and environment in both developed and developing countries.
The seminar represented a follow-up to a workshop by the same title
which was held in conjunction with the 2003 Open Meeting of the
Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Research Community,
19 October 2003, in Montreal, Canada. For selected workshop presentations
and a summary of discussions, please visit the PERN Workshops
page. |
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| 1-15 December 2003 |
Air Pollution and Health Linkages |
Health
Effects of Air Pollution
Cyberseminar Summary (PDF, 126 KB) |
Archive of Discussions (PDF, 348KB)
|
| Summary |
| The purpose of this cyberseminar
was to foster a discussion of
the most pressing issues and topics for research and policy in
linking air pollution (both indoor and outdoor) and human health.
The seminar featured a discussion paper by PERN's former Steering
Committee Chairperson, Dr. Vinod Mishra (East-West Center, Honolulu),
and a panel of distinguished scientists working in this growing
area of public health concern. |
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| April 7-18, 2003 |
Population and Deforestation |
Proximate
Causes and Underlying Driving Forces of Tropical Deforestation
|
Archive of Discussions (PDF, 416KB)
|
| Summary |
The
seminar featured an Opening Statement by Helmut Geist
and Eric Lambin and statements by an Expert Panel. Members
of the Panel are Alex Pfaff, Jussi Uusivuori, Alisson Barbieri,
John Sydenstricker Neto, Emilio Moran, Marcia Caldo de Castro,
Jeff Fox, Don Sawyer, David Kummer, and David Carr. The
purpose of the seminar was to facilitate a thoughtful discussion,
disseminate a wide variety of insights and ideas, and to promote
a deeper understanding of demographic impacts on forests, in
particular threatened forests, among a large group of interested
researchers and experts.
|
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| September 30 - October 11 2002 |
Should borders be open? The population
and environment dimension |
 S.
Curran discussion paper
Coleman
Golini
Keely
Santibanez |
Archive of Discussions (PDF, 327KB)
|
| Summary |
This
cyberseminar is based on four papers by the world's leading researchers on migration
issues:
- "Why Borders Cannot be Open" by David Coleman;
- "Should Borders be Open?" by Antonio Golini;
- "Should Borders be Open?" by Charles Keely;
and
- "Should Frontiers be Opened to International
Migration?" by Jorge Santibanez
These papers
were discussed in one of the plenary session at the IUSSP general
conference in 2001, and generously provided by the IUSSP for
our seminar. The seminar was initiated with a discussion
by Sara Curran, a member of PERN's Steering Committee.
|
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| March 1 - March 15 2002 |
Revised Global Science Panel Statement
on Population in Sustainable Development for Earth Summit 2002 |
GSP
revised statement of 26 February 2002
Final
Global Science Panel Statement (2 MB PDF)
|
Archive of Discussions (PDF, 434KB)
|
| Summary |
| This cyberseminar followed PERN's previous cyberseminar (see archives under "View Postings")
and solicits additional reactions to the revised statement of
the "Global Science Panel (GSP) on Population and Environment"
which is being prepared for the World Summit on Sustainable Development, September 2002, Johannesburg
("Rio +10"). The Panel, with Maurice Strong and Nafis
Sadik as patrons, comprises approximately 25 distinguished international
experts from various disciplines. It seeks to assess the
role of the population dimension in sustainable development and
to build a bridge between the Rio and Cairo processes. The
Panel has incorporated many comments from PERN's Fall 2001 cyberseminar
into this draft, and seeks your further feedback.
The Global Science Panel was sponsored by IIASA, IUSSP and UNU, and coordinated
by Wolfgang Lutz and Mahendra Shah of IIASA.
For more information about World Summit on Sustainable Development, visit http://www.earthsummit2002.org.
|
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| October - November 2001 |
The Global Science Panel's Preliminary
Statement on Population and Environment for Earth Summit 2002 |
GSP
Preliminary Statement on Population and Environment, September
2001 |
Archive of Discussions (PDF, 650KB)
|
| Summary |
This cyberseminar solicited
reactions from the international research community to the Preliminary
Science Statement of the "Global Science Panel (GSP) on Population
and Environment" being preparing for World Summit on Sustainable Development, September
2002, Johannesburg ("Rio +10"). With Maurice Strong
and Nafis Sadik as patrons, the Panel comprises about 25 distinguished
international experts from various disciplines, and seeks to "assess
the role of the population dimension in sustainable development
and to build a bridge between the Rio and Cairo processes".
The Panel seeks contributions from research community: Questions the seminar sought to address included:
- What are relevant "population variables"
in the debate about how to achieve "sustainable development"?
- What have we learned from the past decade
of research about population-environment dynamics?
- What are potential consequences of current
major demographic trends for the environment?
- What are consequences of environmental changes
at many levels for population dynamics and human welfare?
The Global Science Panel was sponsored by IIASA, IUSSP and UNU, and coordinated
by Wolfgang Lutz and Mahendra Shah of IIASA. For more information about World Summit on Sustainable Development, visit http://www.earthsummit2002.org.
|
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| April, 2001 |
Population and Environment Dynamics
and Relationships in Coastal Areas |
|
We regret that the archive of this discussion was on a bulletin board that is no longer in service. |
| Summary |
| This
seminar included research funded by the John D. and Catherine
T. MacArthur Foundation Population, Consumption and Environment
(PCE) initiative. The focus is on population dynamics and the
environment in coastal areas. There are three papers:
- A study of migration and livelihood trajectories
in coastal Vietnam (Adger et al.);
- A study of migration and remittance income
as it relates to the use of mangrove resources in Micronesia
(Naylor et al.); and
- A study of population and consumption impacts
on a mangrove ecosystem in El Salvador (Gammage et al.).
Comments
were made with respect
to approach, variables, methodology, findings or policy relevance of each of the papers.
|
Pilot Seminar
| Date |
Title |
Background Papers |
Forum |
| January, 2001 |
The Sustainable Use of Space: Advancing the Population/Environment Agenda - George Martine, Director, UNFPA Country Support Team, Mexico.
|
|
We regret that the archive of this discussion was on a bulletin board that is no longer in service.
|
| Summary |
This pilot cyberseminar attempted to deal with some of the conceptual and practical issues involved in formulating a more meaningful population-environment agenda. Essentially, it asks - what can be done about environmental issues from a population perspective, in the framework of the new millenium? How and what can the knowledge, skills and tools of the population sciences effectively contribute to sustainability, via research, policy and action? It assumes that improving the relevance and specificity of the work on P-E linkages begins with a restatement of the problem; concurrently, these linkages have to be viewed more directly within the context of the prevailing development scenario.
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